Due to the rapid rotation of Jupiter's magnetic field, these particles are swept along the orbit in front of Io where they form a torus of intense radiation around Jupiter that emits bright ultraviolet light. It also strips ionized atoms from Io at the rate of a thousand kilograms per second. Though not a large source of energy compared to the tidal heating, this current may carry more than 1,000 giga watts with a potential of 400 kilo volts. The deposits surrounding the vents also changed visibly during this time.Īnother source of energy is Jupiter's magnetic field lines, which Io crosses, generating an electric current. The volcanic eruptions change rapidly in just four months between the arrivals of Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 some eruptions stopped and others began. Some of Io's volcanic plumes have been measured rising over 300 km above the surface before falling back, with material ejected from the surface at approximately one kilometre per second. The gravitational interaction of Europa, Ganymede and Jupiter cause Io to "stretch" and "bend" by as much as 100 meters, a process which generates heat through internal friction. The three moons are locked into Laplace-resonant orbits such that Io orbits twice for each orbit of Europa, which in turn orbits twice for each orbit of Ganymede furthermore, Io always keeps the same face towards Jupiter. The energy for this activity probably derives from tidal interactions among Io, Jupiter, and two other moons of Jupiter, Europa and Ganymede. However, it is now believed that many of them are molten silicate rock as on the Earth. Originally it was thought that many lava flows consisted of sulfurous substances. Like volcanoes on Earth, Ionian volcanoes emit sulfur and sulfur dioxide. In February 2001, the largest recorded volcanic eruptions in the solar system occurred on Io. Io is most noteworthy for its volcanic nature due to tidal heating it is the most volcanically active body in the Solar System. The eruption in the top inset reaches 140km high, the other is 75km high. Galileo orbiter images reveal active volcanoes. Galileo approached Io closer than any other probe, took many photographs, observed volcanoes erupting, and discovered that Io has a large iron core, just like the rocky planets of the inner solar system. The Galileo spacecraft arrived at Jupiter in 1995, and flew by Io at the end of 1999. Voyager 1 was able to observe nine active volcanoes on the surface, and later Voyager 2 observed eight of the nine active volcanoes. They found a relatively young surface caused by intense volcanic activity that covered any signs of craters. Contrary to what they had expected, Io had almost no craters. When the space probe, Voyager 1 sent its first images near Io in 1979, the scientists hoped to find numerous craters. At this altitude, it was already known that Io had an atmosphere. But, Pioneer 11 was able to verify that the polar region had an orange color, contrasting with the whitish equator. Pioneer 10 was not able to obtain any clues regarding the radiation of Io. With the passage of the space probe, Pioneer in the 1970s, little was discovered about Io. In the middle of the 20th Century observations were made suggesting that the polar regions of Io were red. Galileo doubted this claim and catalogued the work of Marius as plagiarism. In his Mundus Jovialis, published in 1614, Simon Marius claimed to have discovered Io and the other moons of Jupiter in 1609, one week before Galileo's discovery. The moon Io is believed to have been discovered on 7 January, 1610 by Galileo. 1 History of observation and exploration.In much of the earlier astronomical literature, Io is simply referred to by its Roman numeral designation as " Jupiter I", or simply as "the first satellite of Jupiter". It is named after the Greek mythological figure Io, one of the many lovers of Zeus (who is also known as Jupiter in the Roman mythology).Īlthough the name "Io" was suggested by Simon Marius soon after its discovery in 1610, this name and the names of the other Galilean satellites fell into disfavor for a considerable time, and were not revived in common use until the mid-20th century. Io shines at magnitude 5.0 in the night sky. Io (eye'-oe, ˈaɪoʊ, Greek Ῑώ) is the innermost of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |